New Jersey Attorney Law Review Blog

While we normally do not report on United States Supreme Court decisions, we feel that the Court's recent decision issued on June 17, 2010 involving a public employee’s expectation of privacy concerning text messages merits discussion in view of our coverage of a recent NJ Supreme Court decision involving an employee's rights to privacy in Yahoo e-mails sent over the workplace computer.    http://newjerseylawreview.blogspot.com/2010_04_01_archive.html   In a unanimous decision issued on June 17, 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court in City of Ontario, California v. Quon ventured into the privacy rights of public employees who transmit and receive text messages through government-owned electronic communication devices.   In this particular case, the Court held that a California police department’s search of one of its police officer’s sexually explicit text messages sent and received through his department-issued pager did not violate the officer’s 4th ...

This is no joke!   A stand-up comedian sued by her husband's family for making Jewish mother-in-law jokes gets to enjoy the punchline after a federal judge threw the case out of court.   The comedian's descriptions of her in-laws, though laced with implications of racism, were merely "colorful, figurative rhetoric," U.S. District Judge Mary Cooper said in dismissing the suit, Edelman v. Croonquist , 09-cv-1938.   Sunda Croonquist, whose comedy routine for years has been to describe her life as a half-black, half-Swedish woman who looks Puerto Rican and marries into a Jewish family, was sued two years ago after her mother-in-law, sister-in-law and brother-in-law claimed her jokes were subjecting them up to public ridicule. On her website, Croonquist published video clips of her routines about her in-laws and also made online postings to her blog and on MySpace.  In one clip called "Jewish Friends"Croonquist says the voice of her sister-in-law Sh...

In an extremely important case that we have followed closely over the past year, the New Jersey Supreme Court recently confirmed that the attorney-client privilege protects an employee's e-mails sent to her attorney through her private Yahoo account while accessing her work computer.  Stengart v. Loving Care Agency, Inc. (A-16-09) (March 30, 2010). We first reported on this case in March 2009 , when the trial judge found in favor of the employer by holding that the employee's e-mails to her attorney were discoverable in her wrongful discharge case against her employer. On appeal, in July 2009 , the New Jersey Appellate Division reversed the trial court, finding that the employee had a reasonable expectation of privacy when she used her private Yahoo e-mail account to communicate with her attorney, notwithstanding that she used her company's computer to access her Yahoo account. The New Jersey Supreme Court, an ardent advocate of protecting its citizens...

In this article I discuss the rights and remedies available to a New Jersey homeowner who has lost his or her property to a sheriff's sale because the lender failed to provide actual notice of the sheriff's sale date. The state of confusion that can be created by the lender's failure to communicate with the borrower can be grounds to vacate a sheriff's sale under New Jersey law. But the homeowner must get to the court quickly upon learning of the sale. For purposes of this article I ask my readers to make the following assumptions: (1) a foreclosure suit has been filed in New Jersey; (2) the borrower has requested a loan forbearance/modification from the lender either by initiating the court ordered mediation process or by participating in any of the lender's voluntarily homeowner assistance programs; (3) during the period of time when the borrower and lender are in the midst of the loan forbearance/modification process a sheriff's sale is schedule...

(November 2009) Levinson Axelrod, a prominent New Jersey personal injury law firm, has filed suit against its former disgruntled associate, Edward Heyburn, who in September 2009 registered and published a website domain using Levinson Axelrod's name for the purpose of airing his grievances against them. The firm filed suit in the Superior Court of New Jersey on an emergent basis, seeking to shut down the website, www.levinsonaxelrod.net, alleging, among other claims, that the content posted on the site is defaming the firm's reputation, the site is diverting traffic from the firm's legitimate website, www.levinsonaxelrod.com, and the use of the firm's name in the domain registration constitutes cybersquatting and trademark infringement. However, Heyburn quickly removed the lawsuit to the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey because Levinson Axelrod’s complaint provides a federal question basis for removal by claiming violations of the federal Anti...

In a published decision issued on June 26, 2009 in an employment litigation case, a New Jersey appeals court held that the attorney-client privilege applies to e-mails that the employee sent to her attorney while accessing the company's computer to send the e-mails through her private Yahoo! e-mail account. ( Stengart v. Loving Care Agency Inc. , A.-35-6-08T1). With all due respect to the trial court, in my March 9, 2009 post discussing this case I expressed my opinion that the trial judge's decision was incorrect and predicted that an interlocutory appeal would be forthcoming because of the far-reaching effects of the trial court's decision. Both predictions turned out to be accurate. For the convenience of our readers, although I extensively commented on the facts of this case in my March 9, 2009 post, the brief facts of the case are as follows: The plaintiff was the executive director of nursing at Loving Care Inc. ("Loving Care"). During her employment, Lo...

Before Maria Stengart quit her job, she was already making plans to sue her employer. She e-mailed her lawyer during business hours from her company-issued laptop, though she was circumspect enough to use her personal Web-based Yahoo e-mail account. It was not until discovery in the ensuing hostile-workplace, constructive-discharge case that she learned company lawyers had a copy of the message, which was automatically saved on the laptop's hard drive as a temporary file. Now a Bergen County judge, Estella De La Cruz, has held the e-mail isn't protected as an attorney-client communication, finding Stengart waived the privilege by using the company computer and network even though she sent the e-mail from her personal e-mail account with Yahoo!. The ruling, in Stengart v. Loving Care Agency , BER-L-858-08, is a first for a New Jersey state court and one of only a few across the country to deal with the factual scenario presented. The other cases cited by De La Cruz turned on whe...

A Superior Court judge in Bergen County New Jersey dismissed a defamation case against a number of defendants based on the claims of two women who sued over photographs taken of them clubbing at a Clifton, NJ bar which were included in a book titled, "Hot Chicks With Douchebags," published by a Simon & Schuster division. In a 9-page written opinion granting summary judgment, the trial judge dismissed the complaint finding there was no actionable defamation claim because the photographs and accompanying text are used for humorous social commentary and the book is protected by the First Amendment. The photos showed the women with one or more men described as "douchebags", which the book's author describes as men with "Greasy foreheads, spiked frosted hair, oiled up faces dripping with Tag Shot spray", dressed in "Armani Exchange T-shirts and rank cologne wafting off their backs like fetid pollen clouds as they pump their fists and attempt to gri...

In an important decision that provides guidelines for retiring judges seeking future employment in the legal profession, on September 24, 2008 the New Jersey Supreme Court ordered that a new trial must be conducted because of the appearance of impropriety created by a then soon-to-be retiring Chancery Court trial judge who, before the case had been concluded, began negotiating employment with an attorney appearing before him whose firm represented one of the litigants in the same case. DeNike v. Cupo (A-61-07, September 24, 2008). In so ruling, the New Jersey Supreme Court reversed the decision of the lower court (Appellate Division) which had determined that the trial judge's conduct, although inappropriate, did not influence the outcome of the case because the trial judge already had issued his substantive rulings in several written opinions and that his remaining functions as the presiding judge in this case were "ministerial." The NJ Supreme Court concluded that the...

A bank employee who misappropriates a customer's cash deposit can expose the bank to a claim under the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act, a NJ appeals court ruled in Lee v. First Union National Bank, et al. , App. Div., Case No.: 09-2-1547. In this case, the plaintiff, an existing customer of First Union National Bank, alleged she paid $2,000 in cash to a bank employee who worked in the bank's brokerage services unit which was supposed to be used to purchase shares of a mutual fund. Instead of depositing these funds into her brokerage account, the plaintiff claimed the bank's employee misappropriated her $2,000 cash tender for his own personal use which resulted in an overdraft in her checking account. The bank covered the shortfall by taking money from plaintiff's checking account and liquidating some of the mutual fund shares. Plaintiff's complaint alleged violation of the Consumer Fraud Act (CFA) and common-law conversion. The trial judge granted summary judgment in ...

Banks beware! In a case of first impression, a New Jersey appeals court held that a bank that pursues criminal charges against an innocent third party whose identify is stolen and used to defraud the bank can be sued civilly for negligence and malicious prosecution. In this particular case, Brunson v. Affinity Federal Credit Union , A-4439-06, the bank employed a fraud and loss prevention specialist (Mr. Wilcox) who happened to be a certified fraud examiner. According to the appellate record, an imposter posing as the plaintiff Brunson opened an Affinity account in Brunson's name using Brunson's social security number and an out-of-state driver's license bearing Brunson's date of birth and a Paterson, NJ address (misspelled with two "t's".) Within days of opening this account, the imposter successfully cashed $9,506 in phony checks drawn against a corporation known as Viva International Group. The bank's fraud and loss prevention specialist Wilcox wa...

In Simmermon v. Dryvit Systems, Inc. (A55-07), the New Jersey Supreme Court was presented with determining whether the full faith and credit clause of the US Constitution requires a New Jersey court to give preclusive effect to a nationwide class action consumer fraud settlement approved by a Tennessee circuit court. (View the video of oral argument before the NJ Suprem Court http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/supct/args/A_55_07.php ) The New Jersey Supreme Court held that the Tennessee court is the appropriate forum to determine whether Simmermon should be bound by the settlement entered in that court and thus barred from pursuing his own individual case in New Jersey. However, because of tactical gamesmanship employed by the principal defendant in Simmermon's individual lawsuit, the New Jersey Supreme Court held that the defendant will be responsible for Simmermon's attorneys' fees and litigation expenses. In the New Jersey lawsuit, the plaintiff asserted the same types of cl...

Richard A. Pulaski Construction Co., Inc. v. Air Frame Hangars, Inc. (A-40-07, July 1, 2008). The New Jersey Supreme Court leaves open the question of whether New Jersey common law recognizes a prima facie tort claim. The legal definition of "prima facie" is evidence sufficient in law to establish a fact unless rebutted. In this case the New Jersey Supreme Court had to decide whether New Jersey common law provides a remedy for misconduct that did not meet the traditional standards of a tort cause of action (i.e., such as fraud). This was not the first time the Court confronted this issue, for 10 years earlier in Taylor v. Metzger , 152 N.J. 490 (1998), the Court expressly declined to recognize a prima facie tort claim under New Jersey common law. However, in Taylor the Court noted that a leading treatise (Restatement) explained that such a cause of action encompasses the intentional, willful and malicious harms that "fall within the gaps of the law" and have been m...

On June 4, 2008, the New Jersey Supreme Court in Romagnola v. Gillispie, Inc. (A-57-07), held that a litigant who complied with a procedural court rule that was subsequently amended was entitled to enforce the rule as it existed pre-amendment. The plaintiff in this case availed himself of the offer of judgment rule, R. 4:58-2, which allows a litigant to recover his/her counsel fees if the litigant offers to accept a judgment for a specific amount, the defendant rejects the offer, and the litigant prevails at trial. Prior to September 1, 2004, to trigger an award of counsel fees R. 4:58-2 required that the litigant obtain a money judgment for a sum "as least as favorable as the rejected offer." On September 1, 2004, R. 4:58-2 was amended to increase the money judgment requirement to be "an amount that is 120% of the offer or more." In 2002 plaintiff sued the defendants for breach of contract and other related claims. The parties engaged in extensive pretrial discover...

Score a victory for homeowners in New Jersey who have been duped by “white knight” lenders on the eve of sheriff’s foreclosure sale! In a published opinion issued by the New Jersey Appellate Division on May 19, 2008, Nowoleska vs. Steele, et als., Appellate Div. 2008, Docket No.: A-5759-06T15759-06T1, the Court came to the rescue of an elderly lady and her daughter and son-in-law who unwittingly gave up title to their family home in order to avoid a sheriff’s sale thinking they would be able to get the property back. In this case, the Appellate Division was presented with the question of whether to vacate a default judgment entered against defendants that resulted in awarding possession of the family home to a subsequent purchaser who acquired title to the property based upon prior predatory lending practices of predecessors in title. Defendants, including an 83-year old woman named Marjorie Steele, faced ejectment from the house that was occupied as the family home for 43 years. Origi...

A self-professed problem gambler who voluntarily placed himself on the New Jersey Casino Control Commission's lifetime self-exclusion list is not entitled to removal from that list on becoming aware that out-of-state casinos affiliated with New Jersey casinos would also exclude him from their gaming facilities, the Appellate Division ruled on March 20, 2008 in The Matter of the Petition of S.D. for Removal From the Voluntary Self-Exclusion List , A-3427-06T2. In this particular case, on July 26, 2004 the gambler (S.D.) submitted a "self-exclusion questionnaire" for lifetime placement on New Jersey's self-exclusion list. In signing the questionnaire, S.D. acknowledged that he was a problem gambler; that he authorized the New Jersey casino and casino simulcasting facilities to exclude him from all gaming activities; that he read and understood the instructions appearing on the questionnaire; and affixed his initials to to a question explaining that by choosing a lifetim...

In a victory for homeowners, the New Jersey Supreme Court has ruled that where notice of a sheriff's sale was procedurally deficient, the equitable doctrine of laches will not serve to bar relief to the homeowner. U.S. v. Scurry , A-14 September Term 2007. In this case, the homeowner was sued in foreclosure by her lender after falling behind in her mortgage payments. The homeowner subsequently filed Chapter 13 bankruptcy in an effort to save her home, however she also fell behind in her post-petition mortgage payments resulting in the bank obtaining relief from the automatic stay of the bankruptcy case. The bank then returned to the foreclosure court, obtained final judgment and received notice of a sheriff's sale date. Pursuant to NJ Court Rule 4:65-2, the bank was required to provide the homeowner with at least 10 days' prior written notice of the sheriff's sale by registered or certified mail return receipt requested. The bank was unable to prove that it satisfied t...